1242 lines
63 KiB
Markdown
1242 lines
63 KiB
Markdown
# PostgeSQL в K3s
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Самый простой способ установить PostgreSQL в k3s -- просто создать один под со своим PVC и ConfigMap для
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конфигурирования. Достаточно для тестов и небольших приложений, и доступность будет обеспечена на приемлемом уровне.
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## Доступность порта 5432 (не обязательно)
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Мне для разработки и тестирования на моем рабочем компе (вне k3s) нужно, чтобы PostgreSQL был доступен снаружи кластера
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(внутри домашней сети). Это можно сделать двумя способами:
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1. Через `NodePort`: сервиса Kubernetes, который открывает указанный порт на всех узлах (нодах) кластера. Порты,
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обычно, находятся в диапазоне 30000–32767, и NodePort проксирует на нужный порт внутри кластера, таким
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образом, направляя запросы к нужным подам. Это решение удобно, так как довольно просто в настройке
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и не требует Traefik, но порт будет открыт на всех нодах и будет потеряно централизованное управление
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маршрутизацией, которое даёт Traefik (например, HostSNI или TLS termination) и, возможно, потребуется внешний
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балансировщик нагрузки, если нод несколько.
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2. Через `IngressRouteTCP` в Traefik: это более гибкий способ, который позволяет использовать маршрутизации трафика,
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включая поддержку HostSNI (например с доступом через домен с сертификатами (TLS termination).
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Маршрутизацией на порта внутри кластер в нужный контейнер обеспечивает Traefik.
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В продакшене делать порт доступным вне кластера вообще не обязательно. Внутри кластера порт всегда доступен
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в контейнере PostgreSQL, и любые приложения илди сервисы кластера смогут обращаться к нему по имени
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(`имя_контейнера:порт`).
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Мне, для моих задач, больше подходит второй вариант (с `IngressRouteTCP`), так как я уже использую Traefik
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для маршрутизации. Но для того чтобы "вывесить порт" наружу кластера, нужно изменить статические манифесты,
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и настроить Traefik для прослушивания и маршрутизации дополнительных портов. Нам понадобится `Helm Chart`
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(для конфигурации Traefik), и добавления нового `entryPoint` для порта 5432.
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У меня уже есть манифест `Helm Chart` (Helm -- это такой пакетный менеджер для Kubernetes), в котором [настраивал
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доступ и открывал порт 2222 для SSH внутрь контейнер Gitea](k3s-migrating-container-from-docker-to-kubernetes.md).
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Добавлю туда и 5432-порт для PostgreSQL:
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```yaml
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# ~/k3s/traefik/traefik.yaml
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# "Статичные" манифесты, которые применяются при старте Traefik
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# Helm-манифест: установка нестандартных праметров Treafik
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apiVersion: helm.cattle.io/v1
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kind: HelmChartConfig
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metadata:
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name: traefik
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namespace: kube-system
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spec:
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valuesContent: |-
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additionalArguments:
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# ...
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# ...
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- --entrypoints.postgres.address=:5432 # Добавляем entryPoint для PostgreSQL (5432 порт)
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ports:
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# ...
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# ...
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postgres:
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port: 5432 # Внутренний порт в контейнере Traefik
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expose:
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default: true # Доступен по умолчанию
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exposedPort: 5432 # Порт на хосте (включая VIP с Keepalived)
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protocol: TCP # Это TCP трафик
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---
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...
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...
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```
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После применения:
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f ~/k3s/traefik/traefik.yaml
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```
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Traefik перезапустится и настройки вступят в силу.
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## Создание манифестов для PostgreSQL
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Теперь создадим манифесты для PostgreSQL. Они будут включать:
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1. Пространство имён `postgresql` (если его нет).
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2. PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC) для хранения данных PostgreSQL.
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3. ConfigMap (их будет несколько) для кастомизации настроек PostgreSQL.
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4. Deployment для PostgreSQL с монтированием PVC и ConfigMap-ов.
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5. Секрет для хранения пароля PostgreSQL (тоже может быть несколько, если нужно).
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6. Service для внутреннего доступа к PostgreSQL.
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7. IngressRouteTCP для внешнего доступа к PostgreSQL по порту 5432.
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```yaml
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# ~/k3s/postgresql/postgresql.yaml
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# Все манифесты для PostgreSQL (без наворотов вроде репликаций, высокой доступности через Patroni и т.д.)
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# 1. Манифест создания пространства имён `postgresql`. Если оно уже есть — kubectl apply ничего не изменит
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Namespace
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metadata:
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name: postgresql # Имя пространства имён для PostgreSQL
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---
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# 2. Манифест PVC (Longhorn) -- том в блочном хранилище с данными (базами) PostgreSQL
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
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metadata:
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name: postgres-data # Имя PVC-хранилища
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namespace: postgresql # в пространстве имен `postgresql`
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spec:
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accessModes:
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- ReadWriteOnce
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storageClassName: longhorn # Используем Longhorn как класс хранения
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resources:
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requests:
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storage: 2Gi # Запрашиваемое хранилище 2 Гб (позже можно изменить на большее)
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---
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# 3. Манифесты ConfigMap конфига ...
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# 3.1. Этот ConfigMap будет подключаться в `/etc/postgresql/postgresql.conf` в контейнере PostgreSQL.
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# При инициализации, после initdb, создается дефолтный `postgresql.conf` внутри $PGDATA,
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# каталоге с данными (в нашем случае в `/var/lib/postgresql/db/postgresql.conf`). Если
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# смонтировать `postgresql.conf` сразу в каталог $PGDATA, инициализация не произойдет,
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# так как при инициализации требуется именно *ЧИСТЫЙ* каталог. И, вот прям неожиданно,
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# в этом конфиге по умолчанию нет `include_dir = ...`, а значит, никакие кастомные
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# конфиги из каталога `/etc/postgresql/conf.d` не будут подключаться, и придется для
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# изменения настроек ВСЕГДА править `postgresql.conf` вручную после инициализации, уже
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# внутри пода (или командами внутри `psql`), что не очень удобно (1) и не оставляет следов,
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# так как кто все эти изменения будет документировать (2)?
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# И так, ConfigMap `postgresql-init-config` монтируется в `/etc/postgresql/postgresql.conf`,
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# а затем через `args` и `POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS` подцепляем его в хвост дефолтного конфига.
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: ConfigMap
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metadata:
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name: postgresql-init-config
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namespace: postgresql
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data:
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postgresql.conf: |-
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listen_addresses = '*'
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dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix
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max_wal_size = 1GB
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min_wal_size = 80MB
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datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
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lc_messages = 'en_US.utf8'
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lc_monetary = 'en_US.utf8'
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lc_numeric = 'en_US.utf8'
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lc_time = 'en_US.utf8'
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default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.russian'
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include_dir = '/etc/postgresql/conf.d'
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---
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# 3.2. Манифесты ConfigMap для кастомизации (или один ConfigMap с несколькими ключами) будет
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# смонтирован в контейнер PostgreSQL, в каталог `/etc/postgresql/conf.d`. Конфиги в этом
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# каталоге будут автоматически "подхвачены" при запуске и могут добавлять и переопределять
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# настройки. Они применяются последовательно (в алфавитно-литеральном порядке) и потому
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# имя (или ключ) монтирования важен, так как него зависит порядок применения кастомизации
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# (конфиг O1-xxx будет применён раньше, чем O2-xxx и т.д.).
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: ConfigMap
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metadata:
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name: postgres-custom-config-dir
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namespace: postgresql # в пространстве имен `postgresql`
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data:
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# Пример кастомного конфига PostgreSQL
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01-custom.conf: |-
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max_connections = 120
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shared_buffers = 256MB
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log_min_duration_statement = 1000
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work_mem = 6MB
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# Еще один кастомный конфиг (устанавливает часовой пояс)
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02-timezone.conf: |-
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log_timezone = 'Europe/Moscow'
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timezone = 'Europe/Moscow'
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---
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# 4. Deployment: PostgreSQL
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apiVersion: apps/v1
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kind: Deployment
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metadata:
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name: postgres
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namespace: postgresql
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spec:
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replicas: 1
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selector:
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matchLabels:
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app: postgres
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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app: postgres
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spec:
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containers:
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- name: postgres
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image: postgres:16 # Используем официальный образ PostgreSQL версии 16
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ports:
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- containerPort: 5432 # Порт PostgreSQL внутри контейнера
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# Дополнительный аргумент... он подключает наш `postgresql.conf` (из ConfigMap), смонтированный
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# в контейнер в каталог `/etc/postgresql/` (через ConfigMap) в хвост конфига по умолчанию.
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args: ["-c", "config_file=/etc/postgresql/postgresql.conf"]
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env:
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- name: POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS # То же самое, что и выше...
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value: "--set=config_file=/etc/postgresql/postgresql.conf"
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- name: POSTGRES_PASSWORD # По умолчанию postgres создаёт пользователя `postgres` c
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# паролем, который можно задать через переменную окружения POSTGRES_PASSWORD.
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# Если переменную с паролем не указать, то контейнер не стартует и завершит работу с ошибкой.
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# Так что POSTGRES_PASSWORD -- обязательная переменная.
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valueFrom:
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secretKeyRef: # Получаем пароль из секрета:
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name: postgres-secret # Имя секрета
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key: password # Ключ в секрете, содержащий пароль
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# - name: POSTGRES_USER # В принципе, имя пользователя по умолчанию тоже можно изменить
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# value: postgres
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- name: POSTGRES_DB # Имя базы данных, которая будет создана при запуске (по умолчанию: `postgres`)
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value: postgres
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- name: PGDATA # Каталог, где PostgreSQL будет хранить свои данные
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value: /var/lib/postgresql/db
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- name: POSTGRES_CONFIG_DIR # Каталог, где PostgreSQL будет искать кастомные конфигурационные файлы
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value: /etc/postgresql/conf.d # ...и туда мы будем монтирвовать конфиги через ConfigMap
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- name: TZ # Часовой пояс, который будет в поде
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value: Europe/Moscow
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volumeMounts: # Монтируем тома:
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- name: data # Данные PostgreSQL в Longhorn (PVC)
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mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/ # в каталог внутри контейнера (он не совпадает с PGDATA, т.к.
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# PVC Longhorn всегда создает каталог `lost+found` в новом томе,
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# а PostgreSQL _нужен_ пустой каталог для инициализации)
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- name: config
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mountPath: /etc/postgresql/postgresql.conf
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subPath: postgresql.conf
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# mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/config
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#- name: config
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# mountPath: /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/postgresql.conf
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# subPath: postgresql.conf
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- name: custom-configs # Кастомные конифиги PostgreSQL из ConfigMap
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mountPath: /etc/postgresql/conf.d # в каталог внутри контейнера
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# Проверка "живости" контейнера (Liveness Probe). Kubernetes будет выполнять периодически команду 'command'.
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# Если она начнет возвращать ошибку (например, если PostgreSQL "завис"), то kubelet перезапустит pod.
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livenessProbe:
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exec:
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command: ["pg_isready", "-U", "postgres"] # Проверяем доступность PostgreSQL для пользователя 'postgres'
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initialDelaySeconds: 15 # Подождать 15 секунд после запуска контейнера перед первой проверкой
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periodSeconds: 25 # Повторять проверку каждые 25 секунд
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timeoutSeconds: 3 # Считаем ошибкой, если команда не ответила за 3 секунды
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failureThreshold: 5 # Подряд 5 неудач — и pod будет перезапущен
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# Проверка "готовности" контейнера (Readiness Probe). Kubernetes использует `command`, чтобы понять: можно ли
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# направлять трафик в этот pod. Если проверка не прошла -> pod "не готов" -> не получает запросы от сервиса.
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readinessProbe:
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exec:
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command: ["pg_isready", "-U", "postgres"]
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initialDelaySeconds: 10
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periodSeconds: 10
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timeoutSeconds: 3
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failureThreshold: 3
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volumes: # Используемые тома:
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- name: data # Том PVC (Longhorn) для хранения данных
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persistentVolumeClaim:
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claimName: postgres-data
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- name: config
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configMap:
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name: postgresql-init-config
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- name: custom-configs # Конфиги (ключи) из ConfigMap для кастомизации PostgreSQL
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configMap:
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name: postgres-custom-config-dir
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---
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# 5. Секреты PostgreSQL
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# Следует отметить, что секреты в Kubernetes хранятся в виде base64-строк, и это не шифрование, а просто кодирование.
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# Так что то, что он указан в манифесте в открытом виде, не увеличит уязвимость (все равно все можно получить из
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# команды `kubectl get secret postgres-secret -o yaml`).
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Secret
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metadata:
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name: postgres-secret # имя секрета
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namespace: postgresql # в пространстве имен `postgresql`
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type: Opaque # Тип данных секрета
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stringData: # Используем stringData для удобства
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password: xXxXxXxX... # ключ: значение (тут укажем пароль)
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---
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# 6. Service: внутренний доступ к контейнеру PostgreSQL
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Service
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metadata:
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name: postgres
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namespace: postgresql
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spec:
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selector:
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app: postgres
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ports:
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- name: pg
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protocol: TCP
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port: 5432
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targetPort: 5432
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---
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# 7. IngressRouteTCP: внешний доступ на pg.local (через порт 5432, а доменное имя, чтоб не указывать VIP-адрес)
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apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
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kind: IngressRouteTCP
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metadata:
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name: postgres
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namespace: postgresql
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spec:
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entryPoints:
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- postgres # используем entryPoint, который мы добавили в HelmChart для Traefik (5432 порт)
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routes:
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- match: HostSNI("*") # доменное имя, по которому будет доступен сервис
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services:
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- name: postgres # через имя сервиса обращаемся к контейнеру PostgreSQL
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port: 5432 # порт внутри контейнера, на который будет направлен трафик
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```
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Все "тонкие моменты", а их не мало, разъяснены в комментариях.
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Еще интересного, чего нет в комментариях: В `IngressRouteTCP` пришлось указать `HostSNI("*")` (без имени
|
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домена). Это потому, что `HostSNI()` в `IngressRouteTCP` работает только при TLS (SSL) соединении. SNI (Server
|
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Name Indication) — это часть _TLS handshake_. Когда клиент подключается по TCP без TLS, не передаёт никакое
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имя хоста — просто IP и порт. Соответственно, Traefik не может сопоставить имя pg.local с каким-либо маршрутом,
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потому что имя не приходит. Именно по этому, если нет TLS, то инструкция `HostSNI("pg.local")` не сработает,
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а `HostSNI("*")` просто матчит все входящие TCP без проверки имени. В принципе, это нормально для домашней
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сети, ведь порт 5432 не виден из внешнего в интернет. Но в "злом" продакшн или для критических данных между
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базой PostgreSQL и приложением лучше использовать TLS, чтобы защитить данные от перехвата; и тогда понадобится
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TLS; и тогда можно будет использовать `HostSNI("pg.local")` для маршрутизации.
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Примерим манифесты:
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f ~/k3s/postgresql/postgresql.yaml
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```
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Посмотреть пароль к базе данных можно так (когда секрет уже создан):
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```shell
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kubectl get secret -n postgresql postgres-secret -o jsonpath="{.data.password}" | base64 -d && echo
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```
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Посмотреть логи развертывания так:
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||
```shell
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kubectl logs -n postgresql deployment/postgres
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```
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|
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Покажут много интересного, и все настройки будут "по умолчанию". Настройки нашего, примонтированного и подключенного
|
||
через `config_file = ...` конфига, не покажут!
|
||
|
||
В конце будет:
|
||
```text
|
||
PostgreSQL init process complete; ready for start up.
|
||
|
||
2025-05-25 08:00:10.025 UTC [1] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 16.9 (Debian 16.9-1.pgdg120+1) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0, 64-bit
|
||
2025-05-25 08:00:10.026 UTC [1] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
|
||
2025-05-25 08:00:10.026 UTC [1] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
|
||
2025-05-25 08:00:10.040 UTC [1] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
|
||
2025-05-25 08:00:10.069 UTC [63] LOG: database system was shut down at 2025-05-25 08:00:09 UTC
|
||
2025-05-25 08:00:10.095 UTC [1] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Все. Можно подключаться к базе данных.
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Проверки
|
||
|
||
Посмотреть статус пода PostgreSQL:
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get pods -n postgresql -o wide
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Увидим что-то вроде:
|
||
```text
|
||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
|
||
postgres-xxxxxxxxxx-xxxxx 1/1 Running 0 46m 10.42.0.44 opi5 <none> <none>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Зайти внутрь пода (взять имя пода можно из вывода предыдущей команды):
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl exec -it -n postgresql postgres-xxxxxxxxxx-xxxxx -- /bin/bash
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Если что-то не развернулось, то удалять в следующей последовательности (сначала deployment, потом PVC, потом под,
|
||
хотя он сам удалится при удалении deployment):
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl delete deployment postgres -n postgresql
|
||
kubectl delete pvc postgres-data -n postgresql
|
||
kubectl delete pod -l app=postgres -n postgresql
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Настройки
|
||
|
||
Теперь, благодаря нашим ConfiMap с кастомными конфигами, можно легко менять настройки PostgreSQL. Только не забывать
|
||
после изменения конфигов, делать им `kubectl apply ...` и перезапускать под PostgreSQL, чтобы изменения вступили
|
||
в силу.
|
||
|
||
Еще из необходимого, что пока нельзя сделать через манифесты, то через веб-интерфейс Longhorn установить для тома
|
||
с базой `Data Locality` в `best-effort`, чтобы Longhorn держал одну из реплик тома на ноде, где запущен контейнер.
|
||
Это ускорить работу PostgreSQL, так как не будет сетевых задержек при обращении к данным.
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Подключения
|
||
|
||
Для подключения к базе данных PostgreSQL можно использовать любой клиент или коннектор, поддерживающий PostgreSQL.
|
||
А для работы из командной строки с внешнего хоста (и использование `psql`) установить клиент PostgreSQL.
|
||
|
||
### Для MacOS
|
||
|
||
Через `Homebrew`:
|
||
```shell
|
||
brew install libpq
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Можно после добавить `libpq` в `PATH`, или использовать полный путь `/opt/homebrew/opt/libpq/bin/psql`
|
||
|
||
### Для Linux
|
||
|
||
Для Debian/Ubuntu:
|
||
```shell
|
||
sudo apt install postgresql-client
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Для Windows
|
||
|
||
Не знаю, наверное можно использовать [PostgreSQL для Windows](https://www.postgresql.org/download/windows/).
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Конфиг PostgreSQL по умолчанию (на всякий случай)
|
||
|
||
|
||
```apacheconf
|
||
# -----------------------------
|
||
# PostgreSQL configuration file
|
||
# -----------------------------
|
||
#
|
||
# This file consists of lines of the form:
|
||
#
|
||
# name = value
|
||
#
|
||
# (The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with
|
||
# "#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed
|
||
# values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
|
||
#
|
||
# The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
|
||
# Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
|
||
# you need to reload the server.
|
||
#
|
||
# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
|
||
# signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
|
||
# server for the changes to take effect, run "pg_ctl reload", or execute
|
||
# "SELECT pg_reload_conf()". Some parameters, which are marked below,
|
||
# require a server shutdown and restart to take effect.
|
||
#
|
||
# Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
|
||
# "postgres -c log_connections=on". Some parameters can be changed at run time
|
||
# with the "SET" SQL command.
|
||
#
|
||
# Memory units: B = bytes Time units: us = microseconds
|
||
# kB = kilobytes ms = milliseconds
|
||
# MB = megabytes s = seconds
|
||
# GB = gigabytes min = minutes
|
||
# TB = terabytes h = hours
|
||
# d = days
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# FILE LOCATIONS
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
|
||
# option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.
|
||
|
||
#data_directory = 'ConfigDir' # use data in another directory
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
|
||
# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
|
||
#external_pid_file = '' # write an extra PID file
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
# - Connection Settings -
|
||
|
||
listen_addresses = '*'
|
||
# comma-separated list of addresses;
|
||
# defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
|
||
max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart)
|
||
#reserved_connections = 0 # (change requires restart)
|
||
#superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)
|
||
#unix_socket_directories = '/var/run/postgresql' # comma-separated list of directories
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart)
|
||
#unix_socket_permissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
|
||
# - TCP settings -
|
||
# see "man tcp" for details
|
||
|
||
#tcp_keepalives_idle = 0 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
|
||
# 0 selects the system default
|
||
#tcp_keepalives_interval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
|
||
# 0 selects the system default
|
||
#tcp_keepalives_count = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT;
|
||
# 0 selects the system default
|
||
#tcp_user_timeout = 0 # TCP_USER_TIMEOUT, in milliseconds;
|
||
# 0 selects the system default
|
||
|
||
#client_connection_check_interval = 0 # time between checks for client
|
||
# disconnection while running queries;
|
||
# 0 for never
|
||
|
||
# - Authentication -
|
||
|
||
#authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s
|
||
#password_encryption = scram-sha-256 # scram-sha-256 or md5
|
||
#scram_iterations = 4096
|
||
#db_user_namespace = off
|
||
|
||
# GSSAPI using Kerberos
|
||
#krb_server_keyfile = 'FILE:${sysconfdir}/krb5.keytab'
|
||
#krb_caseins_users = off
|
||
#gss_accept_delegation = off
|
||
|
||
# - SSL -
|
||
|
||
#ssl = off
|
||
#ssl_ca_file = ''
|
||
#ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt'
|
||
#ssl_crl_file = ''
|
||
#ssl_crl_dir = ''
|
||
#ssl_key_file = 'server.key'
|
||
#ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers
|
||
#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on
|
||
#ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1'
|
||
#ssl_min_protocol_version = 'TLSv1.2'
|
||
#ssl_max_protocol_version = ''
|
||
#ssl_dh_params_file = ''
|
||
#ssl_passphrase_command = ''
|
||
#ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload = off
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
# - Memory -
|
||
|
||
shared_buffers = 128MB # min 128kB
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#huge_pages = try # on, off, or try
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#huge_page_size = 0 # zero for system default
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB
|
||
#max_prepared_transactions = 0 # zero disables the feature
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
# Caution: it is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless
|
||
# you actively intend to use prepared transactions.
|
||
#work_mem = 4MB # min 64kB
|
||
#hash_mem_multiplier = 2.0 # 1-1000.0 multiplier on hash table work_mem
|
||
#maintenance_work_mem = 64MB # min 1MB
|
||
#autovacuum_work_mem = -1 # min 1MB, or -1 to use maintenance_work_mem
|
||
#logical_decoding_work_mem = 64MB # min 64kB
|
||
#max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB
|
||
#shared_memory_type = mmap # the default is the first option
|
||
# supported by the operating system:
|
||
# mmap
|
||
# sysv
|
||
# windows
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix # the default is usually the first option
|
||
# supported by the operating system:
|
||
# posix
|
||
# sysv
|
||
# windows
|
||
# mmap
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#min_dynamic_shared_memory = 0MB # (change requires restart)
|
||
#vacuum_buffer_usage_limit = 256kB # size of vacuum and analyze buffer access strategy ring;
|
||
# 0 to disable vacuum buffer access strategy;
|
||
# range 128kB to 16GB
|
||
|
||
# - Disk -
|
||
|
||
#temp_file_limit = -1 # limits per-process temp file space
|
||
# in kilobytes, or -1 for no limit
|
||
|
||
# - Kernel Resources -
|
||
|
||
#max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 64
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
|
||
# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -
|
||
|
||
#vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-100 milliseconds (0 disables)
|
||
#vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits
|
||
#vacuum_cost_page_miss = 2 # 0-10000 credits
|
||
#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits
|
||
#vacuum_cost_limit = 200 # 1-10000 credits
|
||
|
||
# - Background Writer -
|
||
|
||
#bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds
|
||
#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100 # max buffers written/round, 0 disables
|
||
#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0 # 0-10.0 multiplier on buffers scanned/round
|
||
#bgwriter_flush_after = 512kB # measured in pages, 0 disables
|
||
|
||
# - Asynchronous Behavior -
|
||
|
||
#backend_flush_after = 0 # measured in pages, 0 disables
|
||
#effective_io_concurrency = 1 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching
|
||
#maintenance_io_concurrency = 10 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching
|
||
#max_worker_processes = 8 # (change requires restart)
|
||
#max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2 # limited by max_parallel_workers
|
||
#max_parallel_maintenance_workers = 2 # limited by max_parallel_workers
|
||
#max_parallel_workers = 8 # number of max_worker_processes that
|
||
# can be used in parallel operations
|
||
#parallel_leader_participation = on
|
||
#old_snapshot_threshold = -1 # 1min-60d; -1 disables; 0 is immediate
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# WRITE-AHEAD LOG
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
# - Settings -
|
||
|
||
#wal_level = replica # minimal, replica, or logical
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#fsync = on # flush data to disk for crash safety
|
||
# (turning this off can cause
|
||
# unrecoverable data corruption)
|
||
#synchronous_commit = on # synchronization level;
|
||
# off, local, remote_write, remote_apply, or on
|
||
#wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option
|
||
# supported by the operating system:
|
||
# open_datasync
|
||
# fdatasync (default on Linux and FreeBSD)
|
||
# fsync
|
||
# fsync_writethrough
|
||
# open_sync
|
||
#full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes
|
||
#wal_log_hints = off # also do full page writes of non-critical updates
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#wal_compression = off # enables compression of full-page writes;
|
||
# off, pglz, lz4, zstd, or on
|
||
#wal_init_zero = on # zero-fill new WAL files
|
||
#wal_recycle = on # recycle WAL files
|
||
#wal_buffers = -1 # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#wal_writer_delay = 200ms # 1-10000 milliseconds
|
||
#wal_writer_flush_after = 1MB # measured in pages, 0 disables
|
||
#wal_skip_threshold = 2MB
|
||
|
||
#commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds
|
||
#commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000
|
||
|
||
# - Checkpoints -
|
||
|
||
#checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1d
|
||
#checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
|
||
#checkpoint_flush_after = 256kB # measured in pages, 0 disables
|
||
#checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 disables
|
||
max_wal_size = 1GB
|
||
min_wal_size = 80MB
|
||
|
||
# - Prefetching during recovery -
|
||
|
||
#recovery_prefetch = try # prefetch pages referenced in the WAL?
|
||
#wal_decode_buffer_size = 512kB # lookahead window used for prefetching
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
|
||
# - Archiving -
|
||
|
||
#archive_mode = off # enables archiving; off, on, or always
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#archive_library = '' # library to use to archive a WAL file
|
||
# (empty string indicates archive_command should
|
||
# be used)
|
||
#archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a WAL file
|
||
# placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
|
||
# %f = file name only
|
||
# e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'
|
||
#archive_timeout = 0 # force a WAL file switch after this
|
||
# number of seconds; 0 disables
|
||
|
||
# - Archive Recovery -
|
||
|
||
# These are only used in recovery mode.
|
||
|
||
#restore_command = '' # command to use to restore an archived WAL file
|
||
# placeholders: %p = path of file to restore
|
||
# %f = file name only
|
||
# e.g. 'cp /mnt/server/archivedir/%f %p'
|
||
#archive_cleanup_command = '' # command to execute at every restartpoint
|
||
#recovery_end_command = '' # command to execute at completion of recovery
|
||
|
||
# - Recovery Target -
|
||
|
||
# Set these only when performing a targeted recovery.
|
||
|
||
#recovery_target = '' # 'immediate' to end recovery as soon as a
|
||
# consistent state is reached
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#recovery_target_name = '' # the named restore point to which recovery will proceed
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#recovery_target_time = '' # the time stamp up to which recovery will proceed
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#recovery_target_xid = '' # the transaction ID up to which recovery will proceed
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#recovery_target_lsn = '' # the WAL LSN up to which recovery will proceed
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#recovery_target_inclusive = on # Specifies whether to stop:
|
||
# just after the specified recovery target (on)
|
||
# just before the recovery target (off)
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#recovery_target_timeline = 'latest' # 'current', 'latest', or timeline ID
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#recovery_target_action = 'pause' # 'pause', 'promote', 'shutdown'
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# REPLICATION
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
# - Sending Servers -
|
||
|
||
# Set these on the primary and on any standby that will send replication data.
|
||
|
||
#max_wal_senders = 10 # max number of walsender processes
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#max_replication_slots = 10 # max number of replication slots
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#wal_keep_size = 0 # in megabytes; 0 disables
|
||
#max_slot_wal_keep_size = -1 # in megabytes; -1 disables
|
||
#wal_sender_timeout = 60s # in milliseconds; 0 disables
|
||
#track_commit_timestamp = off # collect timestamp of transaction commit
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
|
||
# - Primary Server -
|
||
|
||
# These settings are ignored on a standby server.
|
||
|
||
#synchronous_standby_names = '' # standby servers that provide sync rep
|
||
# method to choose sync standbys, number of sync standbys,
|
||
# and comma-separated list of application_name
|
||
# from standby(s); '*' = all
|
||
|
||
# - Standby Servers -
|
||
|
||
# These settings are ignored on a primary server.
|
||
|
||
#primary_conninfo = '' # connection string to sending server
|
||
#primary_slot_name = '' # replication slot on sending server
|
||
#hot_standby = on # "off" disallows queries during recovery
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#max_standby_archive_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
|
||
# when reading WAL from archive;
|
||
# -1 allows indefinite delay
|
||
#max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries
|
||
# when reading streaming WAL;
|
||
# -1 allows indefinite delay
|
||
#wal_receiver_create_temp_slot = off # create temp slot if primary_slot_name
|
||
# is not set
|
||
#wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s # send replies at least this often
|
||
# 0 disables
|
||
#hot_standby_feedback = off # send info from standby to prevent
|
||
# query conflicts
|
||
#wal_receiver_timeout = 60s # time that receiver waits for
|
||
# communication from primary
|
||
# in milliseconds; 0 disables
|
||
#wal_retrieve_retry_interval = 5s # time to wait before retrying to
|
||
# retrieve WAL after a failed attempt
|
||
#recovery_min_apply_delay = 0 # minimum delay for applying changes during recovery
|
||
|
||
# - Subscribers -
|
||
|
||
# These settings are ignored on a publisher.
|
||
|
||
#max_logical_replication_workers = 4 # taken from max_worker_processes
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#max_sync_workers_per_subscription = 2 # taken from max_logical_replication_workers
|
||
#max_parallel_apply_workers_per_subscription = 2 # taken from max_logical_replication_workers
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# QUERY TUNING
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
# - Planner Method Configuration -
|
||
|
||
#enable_async_append = on
|
||
#enable_bitmapscan = on
|
||
#enable_gathermerge = on
|
||
#enable_hashagg = on
|
||
#enable_hashjoin = on
|
||
#enable_incremental_sort = on
|
||
#enable_indexscan = on
|
||
#enable_indexonlyscan = on
|
||
#enable_material = on
|
||
#enable_memoize = on
|
||
#enable_mergejoin = on
|
||
#enable_nestloop = on
|
||
#enable_parallel_append = on
|
||
#enable_parallel_hash = on
|
||
#enable_partition_pruning = on
|
||
#enable_partitionwise_join = off
|
||
#enable_partitionwise_aggregate = off
|
||
#enable_presorted_aggregate = on
|
||
#enable_seqscan = on
|
||
#enable_sort = on
|
||
#enable_tidscan = on
|
||
|
||
# - Planner Cost Constants -
|
||
|
||
#seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale
|
||
#random_page_cost = 4.0 # same scale as above
|
||
#cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above
|
||
#cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above
|
||
#cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above
|
||
#parallel_setup_cost = 1000.0 # same scale as above
|
||
#parallel_tuple_cost = 0.1 # same scale as above
|
||
#min_parallel_table_scan_size = 8MB
|
||
#min_parallel_index_scan_size = 512kB
|
||
#effective_cache_size = 4GB
|
||
|
||
#jit_above_cost = 100000 # perform JIT compilation if available
|
||
# and query more expensive than this;
|
||
# -1 disables
|
||
#jit_inline_above_cost = 500000 # inline small functions if query is
|
||
# more expensive than this; -1 disables
|
||
#jit_optimize_above_cost = 500000 # use expensive JIT optimizations if
|
||
# query is more expensive than this;
|
||
# -1 disables
|
||
|
||
# - Genetic Query Optimizer -
|
||
|
||
#geqo = on
|
||
#geqo_threshold = 12
|
||
#geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10
|
||
#geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort
|
||
#geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort
|
||
#geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0
|
||
#geqo_seed = 0.0 # range 0.0-1.0
|
||
|
||
# - Other Planner Options -
|
||
|
||
#default_statistics_target = 100 # range 1-10000
|
||
#constraint_exclusion = partition # on, off, or partition
|
||
#cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1 # range 0.0-1.0
|
||
#from_collapse_limit = 8
|
||
#jit = on # allow JIT compilation
|
||
#join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit
|
||
# JOIN clauses
|
||
#plan_cache_mode = auto # auto, force_generic_plan or
|
||
# force_custom_plan
|
||
#recursive_worktable_factor = 10.0 # range 0.001-1000000
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# REPORTING AND LOGGING
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
# - Where to Log -
|
||
|
||
#log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of
|
||
# stderr, csvlog, jsonlog, syslog, and
|
||
# eventlog, depending on platform.
|
||
# csvlog and jsonlog require
|
||
# logging_collector to be on.
|
||
|
||
# This is used when logging to stderr:
|
||
#logging_collector = off # Enable capturing of stderr, jsonlog,
|
||
# and csvlog into log files. Required
|
||
# to be on for csvlogs and jsonlogs.
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
|
||
# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
|
||
#log_directory = 'log' # directory where log files are written,
|
||
# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
|
||
#log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern,
|
||
# can include strftime() escapes
|
||
#log_file_mode = 0600 # creation mode for log files,
|
||
# begin with 0 to use octal notation
|
||
#log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
|
||
# happen after that time. 0 disables.
|
||
#log_rotation_size = 10MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
|
||
# happen after that much log output.
|
||
# 0 disables.
|
||
#log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, an existing log file with the
|
||
# same name as the new log file will be
|
||
# truncated rather than appended to.
|
||
# But such truncation only occurs on
|
||
# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
|
||
# or size-driven rotation. Default is
|
||
# off, meaning append to existing files
|
||
# in all cases.
|
||
|
||
# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
|
||
#syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
|
||
#syslog_ident = 'postgres'
|
||
#syslog_sequence_numbers = on
|
||
#syslog_split_messages = on
|
||
|
||
# This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (Windows):
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#event_source = 'PostgreSQL'
|
||
|
||
# - When to Log -
|
||
|
||
#log_min_messages = warning # values in order of decreasing detail:
|
||
# debug5
|
||
# debug4
|
||
# debug3
|
||
# debug2
|
||
# debug1
|
||
# info
|
||
# notice
|
||
# warning
|
||
# error
|
||
# log
|
||
# fatal
|
||
# panic
|
||
|
||
#log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail:
|
||
# debug5
|
||
# debug4
|
||
# debug3
|
||
# debug2
|
||
# debug1
|
||
# info
|
||
# notice
|
||
# warning
|
||
# error
|
||
# log
|
||
# fatal
|
||
# panic (effectively off)
|
||
|
||
#log_min_duration_statement = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
|
||
# and their durations, > 0 logs only
|
||
# statements running at least this number
|
||
# of milliseconds
|
||
|
||
#log_min_duration_sample = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs a sample of statements
|
||
# and their durations, > 0 logs only a sample of
|
||
# statements running at least this number
|
||
# of milliseconds;
|
||
# sample fraction is determined by log_statement_sample_rate
|
||
|
||
#log_statement_sample_rate = 1.0 # fraction of logged statements exceeding
|
||
# log_min_duration_sample to be logged;
|
||
# 1.0 logs all such statements, 0.0 never logs
|
||
|
||
|
||
#log_transaction_sample_rate = 0.0 # fraction of transactions whose statements
|
||
# are logged regardless of their duration; 1.0 logs all
|
||
# statements from all transactions, 0.0 never logs
|
||
|
||
#log_startup_progress_interval = 10s # Time between progress updates for
|
||
# long-running startup operations.
|
||
# 0 disables the feature, > 0 indicates
|
||
# the interval in milliseconds.
|
||
|
||
# - What to Log -
|
||
|
||
#debug_print_parse = off
|
||
#debug_print_rewritten = off
|
||
#debug_print_plan = off
|
||
#debug_pretty_print = on
|
||
#log_autovacuum_min_duration = 10min # log autovacuum activity;
|
||
# -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
|
||
# their durations, > 0 logs only
|
||
# actions running at least this number
|
||
# of milliseconds.
|
||
#log_checkpoints = on
|
||
#log_connections = off
|
||
#log_disconnections = off
|
||
#log_duration = off
|
||
#log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages
|
||
#log_hostname = off
|
||
#log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] ' # special values:
|
||
# %a = application name
|
||
# %u = user name
|
||
# %d = database name
|
||
# %r = remote host and port
|
||
# %h = remote host
|
||
# %b = backend type
|
||
# %p = process ID
|
||
# %P = process ID of parallel group leader
|
||
# %t = timestamp without milliseconds
|
||
# %m = timestamp with milliseconds
|
||
# %n = timestamp with milliseconds (as a Unix epoch)
|
||
# %Q = query ID (0 if none or not computed)
|
||
# %i = command tag
|
||
# %e = SQL state
|
||
# %c = session ID
|
||
# %l = session line number
|
||
# %s = session start timestamp
|
||
# %v = virtual transaction ID
|
||
# %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
|
||
# %q = stop here in non-session
|
||
# processes
|
||
# %% = '%'
|
||
# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
|
||
#log_lock_waits = off # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
|
||
#log_recovery_conflict_waits = off # log standby recovery conflict waits
|
||
# >= deadlock_timeout
|
||
#log_parameter_max_length = -1 # when logging statements, limit logged
|
||
# bind-parameter values to N bytes;
|
||
# -1 means print in full, 0 disables
|
||
#log_parameter_max_length_on_error = 0 # when logging an error, limit logged
|
||
# bind-parameter values to N bytes;
|
||
# -1 means print in full, 0 disables
|
||
#log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all
|
||
#log_replication_commands = off
|
||
#log_temp_files = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger
|
||
# than the specified size in kilobytes;
|
||
# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
|
||
log_timezone = 'Etc/UTC'
|
||
|
||
# - Process Title -
|
||
|
||
#cluster_name = '' # added to process titles if nonempty
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#update_process_title = on
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# STATISTICS
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
# - Cumulative Query and Index Statistics -
|
||
|
||
#track_activities = on
|
||
#track_activity_query_size = 1024 # (change requires restart)
|
||
#track_counts = on
|
||
#track_io_timing = off
|
||
#track_wal_io_timing = off
|
||
#track_functions = none # none, pl, all
|
||
#stats_fetch_consistency = cache # cache, none, snapshot
|
||
|
||
|
||
# - Monitoring -
|
||
|
||
#compute_query_id = auto
|
||
#log_statement_stats = off
|
||
#log_parser_stats = off
|
||
#log_planner_stats = off
|
||
#log_executor_stats = off
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# AUTOVACUUM
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
#autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess? 'on'
|
||
# requires track_counts to also be on.
|
||
#autovacuum_max_workers = 3 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs
|
||
#autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
|
||
# vacuum
|
||
#autovacuum_vacuum_insert_threshold = 1000 # min number of row inserts
|
||
# before vacuum; -1 disables insert
|
||
# vacuums
|
||
#autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
|
||
# analyze
|
||
#autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum
|
||
#autovacuum_vacuum_insert_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of inserts over table
|
||
# size before insert vacuum
|
||
#autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze
|
||
#autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 400000000 # maximum multixact age
|
||
# before forced vacuum
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 2ms # default vacuum cost delay for
|
||
# autovacuum, in milliseconds;
|
||
# -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
|
||
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
|
||
# autovacuum, -1 means use
|
||
# vacuum_cost_limit
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
# - Statement Behavior -
|
||
|
||
#client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:
|
||
# debug5
|
||
# debug4
|
||
# debug3
|
||
# debug2
|
||
# debug1
|
||
# log
|
||
# notice
|
||
# warning
|
||
# error
|
||
#search_path = '"$user", public' # schema names
|
||
#row_security = on
|
||
#default_table_access_method = 'heap'
|
||
#default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses the default
|
||
#default_toast_compression = 'pglz' # 'pglz' or 'lz4'
|
||
#temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names, '' uses
|
||
# only default tablespace
|
||
#check_function_bodies = on
|
||
#default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
|
||
#default_transaction_read_only = off
|
||
#default_transaction_deferrable = off
|
||
#session_replication_role = 'origin'
|
||
#statement_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
|
||
#lock_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
|
||
#idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
|
||
#idle_session_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
|
||
#vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000
|
||
#vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000
|
||
#vacuum_failsafe_age = 1600000000
|
||
#vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 150000000
|
||
#vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = 5000000
|
||
#vacuum_multixact_failsafe_age = 1600000000
|
||
#bytea_output = 'hex' # hex, escape
|
||
#xmlbinary = 'base64'
|
||
#xmloption = 'content'
|
||
#gin_pending_list_limit = 4MB
|
||
#createrole_self_grant = '' # set and/or inherit
|
||
|
||
# - Locale and Formatting -
|
||
|
||
datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
|
||
#intervalstyle = 'postgres'
|
||
timezone = 'Etc/UTC'
|
||
#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone
|
||
# abbreviations. Currently, there are
|
||
# Default
|
||
# Australia (historical usage)
|
||
# India
|
||
# You can create your own file in
|
||
# share/timezonesets/.
|
||
#extra_float_digits = 1 # min -15, max 3; any value >0 actually
|
||
# selects precise output mode
|
||
#client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database
|
||
# encoding
|
||
|
||
# These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
|
||
lc_messages = 'en_US.utf8' # locale for system error message
|
||
# strings
|
||
lc_monetary = 'en_US.utf8' # locale for monetary formatting
|
||
lc_numeric = 'en_US.utf8' # locale for number formatting
|
||
lc_time = 'en_US.utf8' # locale for time formatting
|
||
|
||
#icu_validation_level = warning # report ICU locale validation
|
||
# errors at the given level
|
||
|
||
# default configuration for text search
|
||
default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english'
|
||
|
||
# - Shared Library Preloading -
|
||
|
||
#local_preload_libraries = ''
|
||
#session_preload_libraries = ''
|
||
#shared_preload_libraries = '' # (change requires restart)
|
||
#jit_provider = 'llvmjit' # JIT library to use
|
||
|
||
# - Other Defaults -
|
||
|
||
#dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'
|
||
#extension_destdir = '' # prepend path when loading extensions
|
||
# and shared objects (added by Debian)
|
||
#gin_fuzzy_search_limit = 0
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# LOCK MANAGEMENT
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
#deadlock_timeout = 1s
|
||
#max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#max_pred_locks_per_relation = -2 # negative values mean
|
||
# (max_pred_locks_per_transaction
|
||
# / -max_pred_locks_per_relation) - 1
|
||
#max_pred_locks_per_page = 2 # min 0
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# VERSION AND PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
# - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -
|
||
|
||
#array_nulls = on
|
||
#backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding
|
||
#escape_string_warning = on
|
||
#lo_compat_privileges = off
|
||
#quote_all_identifiers = off
|
||
#standard_conforming_strings = on
|
||
#synchronize_seqscans = on
|
||
|
||
# - Other Platforms and Clients -
|
||
|
||
#transform_null_equals = off
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# ERROR HANDLING
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
#exit_on_error = off # terminate session on any error?
|
||
#restart_after_crash = on # reinitialize after backend crash?
|
||
#data_sync_retry = off # retry or panic on failure to fsync
|
||
# data?
|
||
# (change requires restart)
|
||
#recovery_init_sync_method = fsync # fsync, syncfs (Linux 5.8+)
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# CONFIG FILE INCLUDES
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
# These options allow settings to be loaded from files other than the
|
||
# default postgresql.conf. Note that these are directives, not variable
|
||
# assignments, so they can usefully be given more than once.
|
||
|
||
#include_dir = '...' # include files ending in '.conf' from
|
||
# a directory, e.g., 'conf.d'
|
||
#include_if_exists = '...' # include file only if it exists
|
||
#include = '...' # include file
|
||
|
||
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
# CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
|
||
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
# Add settings for extensions here
|
||
``` |